In the Book of Genesis, the phrase “sons of God” appears specifically in Genesis 6:1-4. The passage reads:
“When human beings began to multiply on the face of the ground and daughters were born to them, the sons of God saw that the daughters of humans were beautiful, and they married any of them they chose. Then the Lord said, ‘My Spirit will not contend with humans forever, for they are mortal; their days will be a hundred and twenty years.’ The Nephilim were on the earth in those days—and also afterward—when the sons of God went to the daughters of humans and had children by them. They were the heroes of old, men of renown.” (NIV)
Interpretations of “Sons of God”
The identity of the “sons of God” in this passage has been the subject of much debate among scholars and theologians. Here are the main interpretations:
- Fallen Angels: One of the traditional interpretations is that the “sons of God” refers to fallen angels who took human wives. This view is supported by ancient Jewish writings, such as the Book of Enoch, which elaborates on this idea. According to this interpretation, the offspring of these unions were the Nephilim, often described as giants or mighty warriors.
- Lineage of Seth: Another interpretation suggests that the “sons of God” represent the godly line of Seth (Adam’s son), while the “daughters of humans” represent the ungodly line of Cain. This view posits that the passage describes the intermarriage between believers and non-believers, leading to moral decline.
- Ancient Kings or Rulers: Some scholars propose that “sons of God” refers to ancient kings or rulers, who were considered divine or semi-divine figures in the ancient Near Eastern context. This interpretation suggests that these rulers engaged in polygamous practices, marrying many women.
- Divine Beings: Some theologians argue that the “sons of God” could refer to divine beings or celestial beings who have authority in the heavenly realm. This view emphasizes the spiritual nature of the beings involved in the passage.
Conclusion
The interpretation of the “sons of God” in Genesis 6:1-4 remains a complex and debated topic. Each interpretation brings its own theological implications and insights. Understanding the context and the ancient Near Eastern background can help in grappling with this intriguing passage. Ultimately, regardless of the specific identity of the “sons of God,” the passage highlights a significant moment of moral decline leading to the divine judgment expressed through the Flood narrative.